Lord Rayleigh wrote about the two-dimensional whispering gallery mode (WGM) in 1910 after a visit to the dome of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London.
The whispering cave mode (WCM) is a three-dimensional (3-D) effect – a toroid with circular helix symmetry which recent studies have shown can be used to create photonic-quantum-ring (PQR) lasers that emit in the blue-violet part of the spectrum.
A research team at Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH, Pohang, Korea) first created 3-D WCM lasers that emit in the infrared and red part of the spectrum.
To achieve this, Professor O’Dae Kwon and his group stacked mesas of vertically reflecting distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) structures above and below a few active 80 Å gallium arsenide and gallium indium phosphide quantum wells.
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